Cotton
Cotton, also known as one of the most important natural fibers, serves as the foundation for countless home and clothing textiles. With approximately 75% of global production, cotton is the most widely used natural fiber worldwide. It has been cultivated and used for thousands of years, earning its place in the textile and fashion world due to its versatility and excellent qualities.
Definition: What is Cotton?
What exactly is cotton?
Cotton is a natural fiber derived from the seed hairs of the cotton plant (Gossypium), which belongs to the mallow family. After the plant blooms, it produces seed capsules that burst open when ripe, revealing the soft, fluffy white fibers. These fiber hairs are 95% cellulose and are the valuable raw material used to create cotton fabrics.
Where Does Cotton Grow?
Cotton shrubs grow primarily in tropical and subtropical regions and are cultivated on large plantations. The main growing regions are in countries like India, China, Pakistan, the USA, Africa, Central America, Brazil, Australia, Turkey, and Greece, where the climate is ideal for cotton cultivation. The use of cotton to produce textiles occurred independently across various continents. However, the oldest evidence of cotton being used for clothing comes from India, making cotton one of the oldest cultivated plants in human history.
Types of Cotton
There are several botanical species of cotton, but only a few are significant for industrial textile production:
- Gossypium hirsutum (Upland Cotton): This species accounts for about 90% of global production and is characterized by medium fiber length.
- Gossypium barbadense (Sea Island or Pima Cotton): Known for its particularly long and fine fibers, it is exceptionally soft and of high quality.
- Gossypium arboreum und Gossypium herbaceum: These species have shorter fibers and make up only a small part of global cotton production. Short cotton fibers are mainly used to produce hygiene products, paper, and nonwovens.
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Characteristics and Varieties of Cotton
Cotton has special characteristics that make it so popular. It is:
- Skin-friendly
- Breathable
- Highly absorbent
- Very heat resistant
- Shape-retentive
- UV-resistant
- Highly elastic
- Durable
- Easy to dye
- Ideal for allergy sufferers
- Long-lasting
- Easy to care for
Another advantage is the versatility of cotton fabric. It can be easily dyed and processed into various textures, making it suitable for a wide range of textiles. Cotton yarn can also be refined without losing its beneficial properties.
In addition, cotton is particularly comfortable to wear. It doesn’t itch and feels soft against the skin. It is also breathable, making it perfect for clothing.
Conventional vs. Organic Cotton
In addition to conventional cotton, there is also more sustainable and eco-friendly organic cotton used for textiles. Producers avoid using chemicals during cultivation and adhere to strict ecological guidelines.
Organic cotton is often of higher quality because it is typically hand-picked and contains fewer impurities. Environmentally friendly methods are also used during processing, making it a preferred choice for sustainable fashion.
Where is Cotton Used?
The largest application area for cotton is in the textile industry. Cotton clothing is popular worldwide and includes everything from T-shirts and underwear to luxurious bed linens and towels.
The processing of cotton is diverse, ranging from the production of fine fabrics for fashion to robust materials for industrial use.
Beyond textiles, cotton is also used in medicine, cosmetics, and hygiene products, such as cotton wool or bandages.
Caring for Cotton Textiles
Caring for cotton textiles is simple, but there are a few points to consider to ensure the longevity of the fabrics.
Cotton can generally be washed at high temperatures, making it particularly hygienic. However, it’s advisable to wash colorful and delicate textiles at lower temperatures and avoid fabric softeners to preserve the fibers.
To maintain the shape and softness of cotton garments, they should be reshaped after washing and dried on a line or drying rack. Avoid direct sunlight to prevent colors from fading.
Favourites at Iris von Arnim
At Iris von Arnim, we value high-quality, precious natural fibers. That’s why you’ll find only garments made from exquisite, high-quality materials in our collection, such as cashmere, merino wool, silk, linen, and cotton.
For over 45 years, Iris von Arnim has been designing fashion and garments of outstanding quality. Discover the favourites from Iris von Arnim’s collection now.